Published: 02.10.2026
For most nationals from outside the EU/EEA, a long-term move starts with a purpose-specific national type D visa obtained before entry, followed by an application for a residence permit in Germany. EU/EEA citizens benefit from free movement, while nationals of certain privileged countries may enter visa-free and apply in Germany, although work or study generally requires the relevant authorization.
According to the sources, the decisive factors are nationality and the purpose of stay, not visa-free entry by itself: work, study, vocational training and family reunification require an appropriate residence basis. Most third-country nationals must obtain a national visa in advance and prove their identity, valid passport and sufficient means, then apply to the local foreigners authority after moving. For nationals of privileged countries, applying from inside Germany can remove one preliminary step, but it does not remove the need for a residence permit or authorization to work or study. This matters most to prospective workers, students and families because choosing the wrong entry route can affect whether they may lawfully begin their planned activity.